Male factor infertility can result in a variety of issues such as complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate (azoospermia) due to either an obstruction or blockage (obstructive azoospermia) or retrograde ejaculation into the bladder. Causes of obstructive azoospermia often include previous vasectomy or congenital birth defects, while retrograde ejaculation is commonly seen in those diagnosed with diabetes.
Beyond azoospermia, many patients experience challenges related to low sperm count, reduced motility, or abnormal morphology, which can significantly affect fertilization potential. These issues often stem from hormonal imbalances, genetic factors, testicular injury, varicocele, or environmental exposures such as smoking (nicotine or cannabis), chronic heat exposure to the testes, or certain additives to food and cosmetic skincare/haircare products. Because male infertility can have multiple overlapping causes, a structured diagnostic workup is essential for accurate treatment.
At Nevada Fertility Institute, evaluation typically includes a detailed semen analysis, hormone testing, and when indicated, scrotal ultrasound. These tests help identify correctable problems and guide targeted therapies.
Treatment options may include medication, lifestyle modification, surgical correction for obstructive conditions, or advanced reproductive techniques such as IUI, IVF, or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Our goal is to pinpoint the underlying cause and develop a personalized, evidence-based plan that improves reproductive outcomes and supports long-term fertility health.